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2013年7月18日 星期四

Data Synchronization Update

標題:同步變更數據
Node.JS (getdata.js):
var server,
    ip   = "127.0.0.1",
    port = 1337,
    http = require("http"),
    url = require("url"),
    fs = require("fs"),
    qs = require("querystring");

var textPath = "p.txt";

server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
    var polling = {
        timeover : false,
        timeout : null,
        request : function(q) {
            this.timeout = setTimeout(function() {
                polling.timeover = true;
            }, 10000);
            this.action(q);
        },
        action : function(q) {
            if(this.timeover == true) { //確認連線逾時
                q.callback({});
            } else {
                fs.readFile(textPath, "utf-8", function(err, file) {
                    if(q.json.lastTime < qs.parse(file).lastTime) { //有新資料
                        q.callback(qs.parse(file));
                    } else { //駐列輪巡
                        setTimeout(function() { polling.action(q) }, 100);
                    }
                });
            }
        }
    };
    
    switch(url.parse(req.url).pathname) {
        case "/jquery":
            fs.readFile("js/jquery-1.9.1.js", function (err, data) {
                if(err) throw err;
                res.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/javascript", "Content-Length":data.length});
                res.write(data);
                res.end();
            });
            break;
        case "/index":
            fs.readFile("index.html", function (err, data) {
                if(err) throw err;
                res.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html", "Content-Length":data.length});
                res.write(data);
                res.end();
            });
            break;
        case "/sendData":
            var sendData = "";
            var lastTime = new Date().getTime();
            req.setEncoding("utf8");
            req.addListener("data", function(sendDataChunk) {
                sendData += sendDataChunk;
            });
            req.addListener("end", function() {
                sendData += "&lastTime=" + lastTime;
                fs.open(textPath, "w", 0644, function(err, fd) {
                    if(err) throw err;
                    fs.write(fd, sendData, 0, "utf8", function(err) {
                        if(err) throw err;
                        fs.closeSync(fd);
                        var json = JSON.stringify({lastTime: lastTime});
                        res.writeHead(200, {
                            "Content-Type": "text/json",
                            "Content-Length": json.length
                        });
                        console.log(json);
                        res.end(json);
                    })
                });
            });
            break;
        case "/getData":
            var getData = "";
            req.setEncoding("utf8");
            req.addListener("data", function(getDataChunk) {
                getData += getDataChunk;
            });
            req.addListener("end", function() {
                polling.request({
                    json : qs.parse(getData),
                    callback : function(data) {
                        var json = JSON.stringify(data);
                        res.writeHead(200, {
                            "Content-Type": "text/json",
                            "Content-Length": json.length
                        });
                        res.end(json);
                    }
                });
            });
            break;
        default:
            res.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/html"});
            res.write("Page not found.");
            res.end();
            break;
    }
    
});

server.listen(port);

console.log("Server running at http://" + ip + ":" + port);
HTML (index.html):
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="zh-TW" xml:lang="zh-TW">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Title</title>
<script src="/jquery"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
    var localurl = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host;
    var lastTime = 0;
    $("#sendBtn").click(function() {
        var username = $("#username").val();
        var xValue = $("#xValue").val();
        var yValue = $("#yValue").val();
        var zValue = $("#zValue").val();
        $.post("/sendData", {user: username, x: xValue, y: yValue, z: zValue},
        function(data) {
            console.log("Message Send on " + data.lastTime);
        }, "json");
    });
    var pollingData = function() {
        $.ajax({
            cache: false,
            dataType: "json",
            type: "POST",
            url: localurl + "/getData",
            data: {lastTime: lastTime},
            error: function (xhr, status, error) {
                document.write("Error");
            },
            success: function (json) {
                //console.log(json);
                if(!$.isEmptyObject(json)) { //判斷內容是否為空
                    console.log("Update...");
                    //lastTime = new Date().getTime();
                    $("#username").val(json.user);
                    $("#xValue").val(json.x);
                    $("#yValue").val(json.y);
                    $("#zValue").val(json.z);
                    lastTime = json.lastTime;
                    pollingData();
                } else { //繼續輪巡
                    console.log("Pulling...");
                    pollingData();
                }
            }
        });
    };
    pollingData();
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
name: <input type="text" id="username" value="QQBoxy" /><br />
x: <input type="text" id="xValue" value="3" /><br />
y: <input type="text" id="yValue" value="4" /><br />
z: <input type="text" id="zValue" value="5" /><br />
<button id="sendBtn">Send</button>
</body>
</html>
Batch (Start.bat):

說明:
使用Node.JS與jQuery進行數據同步變更。

Read STL Model file and export graphics using GD Library

標題:讀取STL模型檔案並使用GD Library匯出圖形
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
#include <fstream>
#include "gd/gd.h"
#include "gd/gdfontg.h"
#include "gd/gdfontt.h"
#include "gd/gdfonts.h"
#include "gd/gdfontmb.h"
#include "gd/gdfontl.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "lib/bgd.lib")
using namespace std;

class pos
{
public:
    float x;
    float y;
    float z;
};

class ERR
{
private:
    int kind;
public:
    ERR(int k) : kind(k){}; //建構函式
    char* message()
    {
        switch(kind)
        {
        case 0:
            return "Parameter Error!";
        case 1:
            return "Path Error!";
        case 2:
            return "File Error!";
        case 3:
            return "Array Size is too small.";
        case 4:
            return "STL Format Error!";
        }
    }
};

void draw(gdImagePtr im, pos vArr[], int v, int color)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(i=0;i<v;i+=3)
    {
        gdImageLine(im, (int)vArr[i].x, (int)vArr[i].y, (int)vArr[i+1].x, (int)vArr[i+1].y, color);
        gdImageLine(im, (int)vArr[i+1].x, (int)vArr[i+1].y, (int)vArr[i+2].x, (int)vArr[i+2].y, color);
        gdImageLine(im, (int)vArr[i].x, (int)vArr[i].y, (int)vArr[i+2].x, (int)vArr[i+2].y, color);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    const float zoom = 5;
    const int arrSize = 3000;
    const int width = 500;
    const int height = 500;
    int i = 0, normals = 0, vertexs = 0;
    char pathChar[1024];
    char stlName[1024];
    string lines = "";

    pos *normalArr;
    pos *vertexArr;

    regex pathRegex("([a-zA-Z]\:\\\\(?:[^\\\\]+\\\\)*)(.*)"); //"C:\\temp\\hello.txt"
    regex solid(" *solid.*");
    regex facetNormal(" *facet normal ([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?) ([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?) ([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?)");
    regex outerLoop(" *outer loop");
    regex vertex(" *vertex ([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?) ([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?) ([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?)");
    regex endLoop(" *endloop");
    regex endfacet(" *endfacet");
    regex endsolid(" *endsolid");
    
    cmatch pathMatch;
    smatch normalMatch;
    smatch vertexMatch;

    try
    {
        if(argc<2) throw ERR(1); //Check Parameter

        strcpy(pathChar, argv[1]); //Get STL Path
        if(!regex_match(pathChar, pathMatch, pathRegex)) throw ERR(1); //Check STL Path

        strcpy(stlName, pathMatch[2].str().c_str()); //Get STL Name

        ifstream File(pathChar);
        if (!File.is_open()) throw ERR(2); //Check File

        normalArr = new pos[arrSize]; //宣告Facet normal動態陣列大小
        vertexArr = new pos[arrSize*3]; //宣告Vertex動態陣列大小

        cout << "Reading Now..." << endl;

        //solid
        if(!File.good())  throw ERR(4);
        getline(File, lines);
        if(!regex_match(lines, solid)) throw ERR(4);

        while(File.good())
        {
            if(normals >= arrSize) throw ERR(3); //Check Array Size

            //facet normal
            getline(File, lines);
            if(regex_match(lines, normalMatch, facetNormal))
            {
                normalArr[normals].x = atof(normalMatch[1].str().c_str()) + width/2;
                normalArr[normals].y = atof(normalMatch[2].str().c_str()) + height/2;
                normalArr[normals].z = atof(normalMatch[3].str().c_str());
                normals++;
            }
            else if(regex_match(lines, endsolid)) //end solid
            {
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                throw ERR(4);
            }
 
            //outer loop
            getline(File, lines);
            if(!regex_match(lines, outerLoop)) throw ERR(4);
 
            //vertex
            for(i=0;i<3;i++)
            {
                getline(File, lines);
                if(regex_match(lines, vertexMatch, vertex))
                {
                    vertexArr[vertexs].x = atof(vertexMatch[1].str().c_str())*zoom + width/2;
                    vertexArr[vertexs].y = atof(vertexMatch[2].str().c_str())*zoom + height/2;
                    vertexArr[vertexs].z = atof(vertexMatch[3].str().c_str())*zoom;
                    vertexs++;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw ERR(4);
                }
            }
 
            //end loop
            getline(File, lines);
            if(!regex_match(lines, endLoop)) throw ERR(4);
 
            //end facet
            getline(File, lines);
            if(!regex_match(lines, endfacet)) throw ERR(4);
        }
        File.close();

        cout << "Facet Normal: " << normals << endl;
        cout << "Vertex: " << vertexs << endl;
        cout << "Done." << endl;

        // --- draw ---
        cout << "Drawing Now..." << endl;

        FILE *out;
        int size;
        char *data;
 
        gdImagePtr im = gdImageCreate(width, height);
     
        int white =  gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 255, 255), //Background
            black =  gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 0, 0),
            blue =   gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 0, 255),
            cyan =   gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 255, 255),
            green =  gdImageColorAllocate(im, 128, 255, 0),
            red =    gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 0, 0),
            purple = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 0, 255),
            orange = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 128, 0),
            yellow = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 255, 0);
 
        strcpy(pathChar, argv[0]); //Get Execution Path
        if(!regex_match(pathChar, pathMatch, pathRegex)) throw ERR(1); //Check Execution Path
        strcpy(pathChar, pathMatch[1].str().c_str()); //Get Folder Path
        strcat(pathChar, stlName); //Connections Folder Path and STL Name
        strcat(pathChar, ".png"); //Connections Path and Extension

        out = fopen(pathChar, "wb");
        if (!out) throw ERR(1);

        draw(im, vertexArr, vertexs, black);

        data = (char *) gdImagePngPtr(im, &size);
        if (!data) throw ERR(2);

        if (fwrite(data, 1, size, out) != size) throw ERR(3);

        if (fclose(out) != 0) throw ERR(4);
        gdFree(data);
        cout << "Done." << endl;
    }
    catch(ERR e)
    {
        cout << e.message() << endl;
    }
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

說明:
首先拖曳一個STL模型檔案至執行檔以進行讀取,一邊進行檔案比對一邊將點資料存入類別陣列內,再使用GD Library匯出png圖片檔。

Solving Matrix Inverse using Pointer

標題:使用指標求解n維矩陣
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <regex>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

void print(double *Arr, int m)
{
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<m;j++)
        {
            cout << *(Arr+i*m+j) << setprecision(2) << "\t";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}
void printInverse(double *Matrix, double *Inverse, int m)
{
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<m;j++)
        {
            cout << *(Matrix+i*m+j) << setprecision(2) << "\t";
        }
        cout << "|\t";
        for(j=0;j<m;j++)
        {
            cout << *(Inverse+i*m+j) << setprecision(2) << "\t";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

void readfile(string filePath, double *Matrix)
{
    int m = 0, n = 0, i = 0;
    string lines = "";
    string::const_iterator start;
    match_results<string::const_iterator> matchMatrix; //迭代器
    regex regMatrix("([0-9]+)+");
    ifstream outputFile(filePath);
    if (outputFile.is_open()) //Check File
    {
        while(outputFile.good())
        {
            getline(outputFile, lines);
            start = lines.begin();
            while (regex_search(start, lines.cend(), matchMatrix, regMatrix))
            {
                *(Matrix+i) = atof(matchMatrix[1].str().c_str());
                i++;
                start = matchMatrix[0].second;
            }
            m++;
        }
        outputFile.close();
    }
}
double plusnum(double num)
{
    if(num < 0) return -1 * num;
    return num;
}

void rowSwap(double *Matrix, int ma, int mb, int m)
{
    int i = 0;
    double *Temp = new double[m];
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        *(Temp+i) = *(Matrix+ma*m+i);
        *(Matrix+ma*m+i) = *(Matrix+mb*m+i);
        *(Matrix+mb*m+i) = *(Temp+i);
    }
}

void inverse(double *Matrix, double *Inverse, int m)
{
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
    double temp = 0;
    //*(Matrix + rows * m + columns) 看成 Matrix[rows][columns]
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        for(int j=i+1; j<m; j++)
        {
            if(plusnum(*(Matrix + j * m + i)) > plusnum(*(Matrix + i * m + i)))
            {
                rowSwap(Matrix, i, j, m); // 互換Matrix矩陣兩行
                rowSwap(Inverse, i, j, m); // 互換Inverse矩陣兩行
                //cout << "[" << i << "][" << j << "]Swap:" << endl;
                //printInverse(Matrix, Inverse, m);
            }
        }
        // 消去
        for(int j=0; j<m; j++) //第 i 次消去運算,以第 i 行作為主要行,將其上下各行的第 i 列元素化為零
        {
            if(j != i)
            {
                // 進行消去運算,將第 i 列上下方的元素化為零
                double temp = *(Matrix + j * m + i) / *(Matrix + i * m + i);
                
                // 注意此處 k 可從 i+1 開始
                //for(int k=i+1; k<m; k++)
                for(int k=0; k<m; k++)
                {
                    *(Matrix + j * m + k) -= (*(Matrix + i * m + k) * temp);
                }
                // 注意此處 k 要從 0 開始
                for(int k=0; k<m; k++)
                {
                    *(Inverse + j * m + k) -= (*(Inverse + i * m + k) * temp);
                }
                //cout << "[" << i << "][" << j << "]Matrix:" << endl;
                //printInverse(Matrix, Inverse, m);
            }
        }
    }

    // Matrix 已經是對角矩陣,只要在將其對角線元素化為 1 即可
    // 此時僅需對 Inverse 矩陣作運算
    //cout << "[" << i << "][" << j << "]Inverse:" << endl;
    //printInverse(Matrix, Inverse, m);
    for(int i=0; i<m; i++)
    {
        for(int j=0; j<m; j++)
        {
            *(Inverse + i * m + j) /= *(Matrix + i * m + i);
        }
        //cout << "[" << i << "][" << j << "]Inverse:" << endl;
        //printInverse(Matrix, Inverse, m);
    }
}
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    const int m = 4;
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    double Matrix[m][m] = {};
    double Inverse[m][m] = {};

    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<m;j++)
        {
            if(i == j)
                Inverse[i][j] = 1;
            else
                Inverse[i][j] = 0;
        }
    }
    
    readfile("matrix.txt", &Matrix[0][0]);

    cout << "Matrix:" << endl;
    print(&Matrix[0][0], m);

    inverse(&Matrix[0][0], &Inverse[0][0], m);
    cout << endl;
 
    cout << "Inverse:" << endl;
    print(&Inverse[0][0], m);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
TEXT (matrix.txt):

說明:
先讀取矩陣數據再利用指標的方式求得n維度反矩陣的解。

2013年7月16日 星期二

Check the ASCII format of STL file

標題:檢查ASCII STL格式範例
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <regex> //string lib here

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int i = 0, num = 1;
    const char *filePath = "TriangleASCII.STL";
    string lines = "";

    regex solid(" *solid.*");
    regex facetNormal(" *facet normal .+ .+ .+");
    regex outerLoop(" *outer loop");
    regex vertex(" *vertex .+ .+ .+");
    regex endLoop(" *endloop");
    regex endfacet(" *endfacet");
    regex endsolid(" *endsolid");
    //regex number("[+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?");

    ifstream outputFile(filePath);
    if (outputFile.is_open()) //Check File
    {
        num++;
        //solid
        if(outputFile.good())
        {
            getline(outputFile, lines);
            if(regex_match(lines, solid))
            {
                cout << lines << endl;

                while(outputFile.good())
                {
                    //facet normal
                    getline(outputFile, lines);
                    if(regex_match(lines, facetNormal))
                    {
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        num++;
                    } else if(regex_match(lines, endsolid)) { //end solid
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        cout << "Done." << endl;
                        break;
                    } else {
                        cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
                        break;
                    }

                    //outer loop
                    getline(outputFile, lines);
                    if(regex_match(lines, outerLoop))
                    {
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        num++;
                    } else {
                        cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
                        break;
                    }

                    //vertex
                    getline(outputFile, lines);
                    if(regex_match(lines, vertex))
                    {
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        num++;
                    } else {
                        cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
                        break;
                    }
                
                    getline(outputFile, lines);
                    if(regex_match(lines, vertex))
                    {
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        num++;
                    } else {
                        cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
                        break;
                    }
                
                    getline(outputFile, lines);
                    if(regex_match(lines, vertex))
                    {
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        num++;
                    } else {
                        cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
                        break;
                    }

                    //end loop
                    getline(outputFile, lines);
                    if(regex_match(lines, endLoop))
                    {
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        num++;
                    } else {
                        cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
                        break;
                    }

                    //end facet
                    getline(outputFile, lines);
                    if(regex_match(lines, endfacet))
                    {
                        cout << lines << endl;
                        num++;
                    } else {
                        cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                cout << "[line " << num << " format error] " << lines << endl;
            }
        }
        outputFile.close();
    }

    return 0;
}
說明:
使用Regular Expression檢查ASCII STL檔案格式。

Simple drawing using the GD Libary

標題:GD繪圖範例
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include "gd/gd.h"
#include "gd/gdfontg.h"
#include "gd/gdfontt.h"
#include "gd/gdfonts.h"
#include "gd/gdfontmb.h"
#include "gd/gdfontl.h"
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;

#pragma comment(lib, "lib/bgd.lib")

#define DEG 3.14159/180.

class ERR
{
private:
    int kind;
public:
    ERR(int k) : kind(k){};
    char* message()
    {
        switch(kind)
        {
        case 0:
            return "File Error!";
        case 1:
            return "GD Error!";
        case 2:
            return "File Write Error!";
        case 3:
            return "File Close Error!";
        }
    }
};

void drawstar(gdImagePtr image, float origx, float origy, float r, float angle, int color)
{
    int i = 0;
    float ptx[6],pty[6],pttx[6],ptty[6];
    float temp1,temp2,temp3,temp4;

    for(i=0;i<6;i++)
    {
        ptx[i]=origx+r*sin(72.*i*DEG+angle*DEG);
        pty[i]=origy+r*cos(72.*i*DEG+angle*DEG);

        temp1=cos(54.*DEG-72.*DEG*i-angle*DEG);
        temp2=sin(54.*DEG-72.*DEG*i-angle*DEG);
        temp3=sin(18.*DEG);
        temp4=cos(36.*DEG);

        pttx[i]=origx+r*temp3*temp1/temp4;
        ptty[i]=origy+r*temp3*temp2/temp4;
    }
    for(i=0;i<5;i++)
    {
        gdImageLine(image, (int)ptx[i], (int)pty[i], (int)pttx[i], (int)ptty[i], color);
        gdImageLine(image, (int)pttx[i], (int)ptty[i], (int)ptx[i+1], (int)pty[i+1], color);
    }
}

int main(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int i = 0;
    FILE *out;
    int size;
    char *data;

    gdImagePtr im = gdImageCreate(500, 500);
    
    int white =  gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 255, 255), //Background
        black =  gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 0, 0),
        blue =   gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 0, 255),
        cyan =   gdImageColorAllocate(im, 0, 255, 255),
        green =  gdImageColorAllocate(im, 128, 255, 0),
        red =    gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 0, 0),
        purple = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 0, 255),
        orange = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 128, 0),
        yellow = gdImageColorAllocate(im, 255, 255, 0);

    out = fopen("image.png", "wb");
    try
    {
        if (out) {
            for(i=0;i<72;i++)
            {
                drawstar(im, 250+5*i*sin(i*10*DEG), 250+5*i*cos(i*10*DEG), 30, 180, black);
            }

            data = (char *) gdImagePngPtr(im, &size);
            if (!data) {
                throw ERR(1);
            }
            if (fwrite(data, 1, size, out) != size) {
                throw ERR(2);
            }
            if (fclose(out) != 0) {
                throw ERR(3);
            }
            gdFree(data);
        }
        else
        {
            throw ERR(0);
        }
    }
    catch(ERR e)
    {
        cout << e.message() << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

說明:
簡單使用GD Library進行繪圖。

2013年7月15日 星期一

Exception Handling

標題:例外處理的方法
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

class pos
{
public:
    float x;
    float y;
    float z;
};

class ERR
{
private:
    int kind;
public:
    ERR(int k) : kind(k){}; //建構函式
    char* message()
    {
        switch(kind)
        {
        case 0:
            return "Error A";
        case 1:
            return "Error B";
        case 2:
            return "Error C";
        }
    }
};

void readfile(string path)
{
    string lines = "";
    ifstream File(path);
    if (File.is_open()) //Check File
    {
        while(File.good())
        {
            getline(File, lines);
            cout << lines << endl;
        }
        File.close();
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    switch(0) //Select Example
    {
    case 0:
        {
            //Example 1
            int n = 0;
            string str = "Hello";
            try
            {
                cin >> n;
                cout << str.at(n) << endl; //取得字串的第n個字元
            }
            catch (...)
            {
                cout << "Error!" << endl;
            }
            break;
        }
    case 1:
        {
            //Example 2
            float num = 1;
            try
            {
                cout << "num=";
                cin >> num;
                if(num == 0)
                {
                    throw "Infinity!";
                }
                cout << "100/num=" << 100/num << endl;
            }
            catch (const char* message)
            {
                cout << message << endl;
            }
            break;
        }
    case 2:
        {
            //Example 3
            try {
                if(argc<2)
                {
                    throw "Parameter error.";
                }
                char pathChar[1024];
                regex pathRegex("([a-zA-Z]\:\\\\(?:[^\\\\]+\\\\)*.*)"); //"C:\\temp\\hello.txt"
                cmatch pathMatch; //cmatch: Char Match
                strcpy(pathChar, argv[1]); //Pointer to Char
                if(regex_match(pathChar, pathMatch, pathRegex)) //char, cmatch, regexp
                {
                    readfile(pathMatch[1].str());
                }
                else
                {
                    throw "Path Error.";
                }
            }
            catch(const char* message)
            {
                cout << message << endl;
            }
            break;
        }
    case 3:
        {
            //Example 4
            pos p;
            p.x = 1.1f;
            p.y = 2.2f;
            p.z = 3.3f;
            cout << "(" << p.x << ", " << p.y << ", " << p.z << ")" << endl;
            break;
        }
    case 4:
        {
            //Example 5
            try
            {
                throw ERR(0);
            }
            catch(ERR e)
            {
                cout << e.message() << endl;
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

說明:
一般及搭配argc、argv、Regular Expression、Class例外處理的方法

Drag to read the file

標題:拖曳方式讀取檔案
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream> //ifstream
#include <sstream> //getline
using namespace std;

int main(const int argc, char *argv[])
{
    /*int i = 0;
    cout << "argc: " << argc << endl;
    for(i=0;i<argc;i++)
    {
        cout << "*argv[" << i << "]: " << argv[i] << endl;
    }*/

    //Path Convert
    char pathChar[1024];
    string pathString = "";
    strcpy(pathChar, argv[1]); //Pointer to Char
    pathString.assign(pathChar); //Char to String

    //ReadFile
    string lines = "";
    ifstream File(pathString);
    if (File.is_open()) //Check File
    {
        while(File.good())
        {
            getline(File, lines);
            cout << lines << endl;
        }
        File.close();
    }

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
Batch (Start.bat):


說明:
將檔案拖曳至exe執行檔,並藉由argc、argv取得路徑,轉換路徑變數型態後進行讀檔動作。
Batch檔是用來測試多行參數的讀取,須放在與執行檔相同之目錄。

2013年7月10日 星期三

Passing two-dimensional array to a function using pointer #2

標題:使用指標傳值的方式做矩陣相乘運算
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void multiply(float *matrixA, float *matrixB, float *matrixC, int p, int q, int r)
{
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
    float sum = 0.0f;
    for(i=0;i<p;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<r;j++)
        {
            sum = 0.0f;
            for (k = 0; k < q; k++)
            {
                sum += *(matrixA + i*q + k) * *(matrixB + k*r + j);
            }
            *(matrixC + i*r + j) = sum;
        }
    }
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    const int p = 4, q = 2, r = 3;
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    float matrixA[p][q] = { //4x2矩陣
        {3, -1},
        {0, 3},
        {1, 4},
        {2, 1}
    };
    float matrixB[q][r] = { //2x3矩陣
        {1, -2, 3},
        {2, 1, 0}
    };
    float matrixC[p][r] = {}; //4x3矩陣
    
    multiply(&matrixA[0][0], &matrixB[0][0], &matrixC[0][0], p, q, r);

    //印出二維陣列資料
    for(i=0;i<p;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<r;j++)
        {
            cout << matrixC[i][j] << "\t";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

說明:
將3個二維陣列初始位址及陣列大小傳入函式,並在函式中針對指標內容進行矩陣相乘運算操作。

Get value using Regular Expression

標題:C/C++使用正規表示法取值
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <regex> //string lib here

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    cout << "--- Example 1 ---" << endl;
    //String Match
    string strA = "13393774";
    smatch matchA;
    regex regA("[0-9]+");
    if(regex_match(strA, matchA, regA))
    {
        cout << atof(matchA[0].str().c_str()) << " is number." << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "Not a number." << endl;
    }

    cout << "--- Example 2 ---" << endl;
    //String Match
    string strB = "-4.472136e-001";
    smatch matchB;
    regex regB("[+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?");
    if(regex_match(strB, matchB, regB))
    {
        cout << atof(matchB[0].str().c_str()) << " is number." << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "Not a number." << endl;
    }
    
    cout << "\n--- Example 3 ---" << endl;
    //String Search
    string strC = "   facet normal 0.000000e+000 -4.472136e-001 8.944272e-001";
    smatch matchC;
    regex regC(" *facet normal \
([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?) \
([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?) \
([+-]?(?=\.[0-9]|[0-9])(?:[0-9]+)?(?:\.?[0-9]*)(?:[eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?)");
    if(regex_match(strC, matchC, regC))
    {
        cout << "Facet normal: (";
        cout << atof(matchC[1].str().c_str()) << ", ";
        cout << atof(matchC[2].str().c_str()) << ", ";
        cout << atof(matchC[3].str().c_str()) << ")" << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "Not Match." << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

說明:
在C/C++中使用正規表示式取得數值。

Passing two-dimensional array to a function using pointer

標題:使用指標傳入函式的方式進行多維陣列的處理
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// 陣列指標位址, 行數, 列數, 乘值
void multiply(float *matrix, int rows, int columns, float num)
{
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<columns;j++)
        {
            *matrix *= num;
            matrix++;
        }
    }
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    const int m = 3, n = 4;
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    float matrixA[m][n] = { //3x4矩陣
        {1, 2, 3, 4},
        {0, 1, 0, 0},
        {0, 0, 1, 0}
    };
    
    //傳入matrixA的記憶體起始儲存位址以進行處理
    multiply(&matrixA[0][0], m, n , 5);

    //印出二維陣列資料
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            cout << matrixA[i][j] << "\t";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

說明:
將陣列初始位址及陣列大小傳入函式,並在函式中針對指標內容進行運算操作。

Passing array to a function

標題:使用一維陣列傳入函式的方式進行一維陣列的處理
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// 一維陣列, 乘值
float* multiply(float arr[], int m ,float num)
{
    int i = 0;
    for(i=0;i<m;i++)
    {
        arr[i] *= num;
    }
    return arr;
}
 
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    const int m = 5;
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    float arrA[m] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    float *arrB = new float[m]; //宣告一動態陣列
     
    arrB= multiply(arrA, m, 5); //傳入一維陣列
 
    for(i=0;i<m;i++) //印出一維陣列資料
    {
        cout << arrB[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

說明:
直接向函式傳入一維陣列進行處理,再存入另一個陣列輸出。

2013年7月8日 星期一

Using Regular expression in C/C++

標題:C/C++使用正規表示法
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <regex> //string lib here

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    //String Match
    string strA = "1337";
    regex regA("[0-9]+");
    if(regex_match(strA, regA))
    {
        cout << "A Match." << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "A Not Match." << endl;
    }

    //String Search
    string strB = "cad23342";
    regex regB("[0-9]");
    if(regex_search(strB, regB))
    {
        cout << "B Match." << endl;
    } else {
        cout << "B Not Match." << endl;
    }

    //String Replace
    string strC = "Hello I'm QQBoxy!!";
    regex regC(" ");
    string wordC = "\n";
    cout << regex_replace(strC, regC, wordC) << endl;

    //String Replace
    string strD = "Hello I'm QQBoxy!!";
    regex regD("a|e|i|o|u");
    string wordD = "[$&]";
    cout << regex_replace(strD, regD, wordD) << endl;

    return 0;
}
說明:
在C/C++中正規表示式常用的三種語法。

Two ways to Read and Write Files

標題:C/C++兩種讀取文字檔的方法
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
//#include <iomanip>
//setprecision(4) "3.1415"
//setfill('Q') "QQ123"
//setw(5) "  123"

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    const char *filePath = "pi.xls";

    remove(filePath); //Delete File
    
    //VC++ -----------------------------------------------------

    //Write File
    ofstream outputFile(filePath, fstream::app); //fstream::out fstream::app
    if (outputFile.is_open()) //Check File
    {
        for(j=1;j<10;j++)
        {
            for(i=1;i<10;i++)
            {
                outputFile << i << "*" << j << "=" << i*j << "\t";
            }
            outputFile << endl;
        }
        outputFile.close();
    }

    //Read File
    string lines = "";
    ifstream inputFile(filePath);
    if (inputFile.is_open()) //Check File
    {
        while(inputFile.good())
        {
            getline(inputFile, lines);
            cout << lines << endl;
        }
        inputFile.close();
    }

    //Standard C -----------------------------------------------------

    //Write File
    FILE *writeFile = fopen(filePath, "a");
    if (writeFile) { //Check File
        for(j=1;j<10;j++)
        {
            for(i=1;i<10;i++)
            {
                fprintf(writeFile, "%d*%d=%d\t", i, j, i*j);
            }
            fprintf(writeFile, "\n");
        }
        fclose(writeFile);
    }
    
    //Read File
    char line[100] = ""; // Light!!
    FILE *readFile = fopen(filePath, "r");
    if (readFile) { //Check File
        while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), readFile))
        {
            printf("%s", line);
        }
        fclose(readFile);
    }

    return 0;
}

說明:
使用fstream的方法讀寫檔案,以及使用C的fopen讀寫檔案的方法。

String conversion

標題:C/C++字串轉換
VC++ (main.cpp):
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream> //ostringstream
using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    //Character Sequences
    //char c[13] = "CharVariable";
    char c[13] = {'C', 'h', 'a', 'r', 'V', 'a', 'r', 'i', 'a', 'b', 'l', 'e', '\0'};

    //Pointer
    char *p = "Pointer";

    //Class
    string s = "String";

    //String to Char
    strcpy(c, s.c_str());
    cout << c << endl;
    
    //Char to String
    s.assign(c);
    cout << s << endl;

    //Pointer to Char
    strcpy(c, p);
    cout << c << endl;

    //Char to Pointer
    p = &c[0];
    cout << p << endl;

    //String to Float
    float num1 = 0.0f;
    s = "233.42";
    num1 = atof(s.c_str());
    cout << num1 << endl;

    //Float to String
    float num2 = 233.42f;
    ostringstream buffer;
    buffer << num2;
    s = buffer.str();
    cout << s << endl;
    
    return 0;
}
說明:
字元陣列、指標字串、VC字串,互相轉換。